Mpweya wabwino, kusefera ndi chinyezi zimachepetsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga coronavirus yatsopano.
Ndi Joseph G. Allen
Dr. Allen ndi mtsogoleri wa pulogalamu ya Healthy Buildings ku Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health.
[Nkhaniyi ndi gawo la nkhani zomwe zikukula za coronavirus, ndipo zitha kukhala zachikale. ]
Mu 1974, mtsikana wina wodwala chikuku anapita kusukulu kumpoto kwa New York. Ngakhale kuti 97 peresenti ya ana asukulu anzake analandira katemera, 28 pamapeto pake anadwala matendawa. Ophunzira omwe ali ndi kachilomboka adayalidwa m'makalasi 14, koma mtsikanayo, wodwala index, adangokhala mkalasi mwake yekha. Wolakwa? Dongosolo la mpweya wabwino lomwe limagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza lomwe limayamwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta virus m'kalasi mwake ndikufalitsa kuzungulira sukulu.
Nyumba, monga chitsanzo cha mbiriyakale ichi zowunikira, ndizothandiza kwambiri pakufalitsa matenda.
Kubwerera mpaka pano, umboni wapamwamba kwambiri wa mphamvu ya nyumba zofalitsira coronavirus ndikuchokera m'sitima yapamadzi - makamaka nyumba yoyandama. Mwa anthu 3,000 omwe adakwera ndi ogwira nawo ntchito omwe ali m'bwalo la Princess Princess yemwe ali yekhayekha, osachepera 700 Amadziwika kuti atenga kachilombo ka coronavirus yatsopano, kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe ndi okwera kwambiri kuposa ku Wuhan, China, komwe matendawa adapezeka koyamba.
Kodi izi zikutanthawuza chiyani kwa ife omwe sitili pa sitima zapamadzi koma timakonda kwambiri masukulu, maofesi kapena nyumba zogona? Ena angakhale akudabwa ngati ayenera kuthaŵira kumidzi, monga momwe anthu amachitira m’mbuyomo m’nthaŵi za miliri. Koma zikuwonekeratu kuti ngakhale kuti mikhalidwe yakumatauni imatha kuthandiza kufalikira kwa matenda obwera chifukwa cha ma virus, nyumba zitha kukhalanso ngati zotchinga pakuipitsidwa. Ndi njira yowongolera yomwe sikulandira chidwi chomwe chikuyenera.
Chifukwa chake pakadali mkangano wokhudza momwe coronavirus yatsopano yomwe imayambitsa Covid-19 imafalira. Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yochepetsetsa yotengedwa ndi federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ndi World Health Organisation. Kumeneko ndi kulakwitsa.
Malangizo apano zimatengera umboni kuti kachilomboka kamafalikira kudzera m'malovu opumira - madontho akulu akulu, nthawi zina owoneka omwe amatulutsidwa wina akakhosomola kapena kuyetsemula. Chifukwa chake upangiri wophimba chifuwa chanu ndi kuyetsemula, kusamba m'manja, kuyeretsa malo ndikukhala patali.
Koma anthu akatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, samangotulutsa timadontho ting’onoting’ono tokha komanso tinthu ting’onoting’ono ta mpweya tomwe timakhala m’mwamba n’kumayenda mozungulira nyumba.
Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wa ma coronavirus awiri aposachedwa adawonetsa kuti kufalikira kwa ndege kumachitika. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi umboni wakuti malo omwe adatenga kachilombo ka coronavirus ndiye m`munsi kupuma thirakiti, zomwe zimangoyamba chifukwa cha tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapuma mozama.
Izi zikutibweretsanso ku nyumba. Ngati sanasamalidwe bwino, amatha kufalitsa matenda. Koma ngati tichita bwino, tikhoza kulemba masukulu athu, maofesi ndi nyumba zathu kunkhondoyi.
Izi ndi zomwe tiyenera kuchita. Choyamba, kubweretsa mpweya wochuluka wakunja m'nyumba zokhala ndi makina otenthetsera ndi mpweya (kapena kutsegula mazenera m'nyumba zomwe mulibe) kumathandiza kuchepetsa zowonongeka zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda achepe. Kwa zaka zambiri, takhala tikuchita zosiyana: kutseka mazenera athu ndikuzunguliranso mpweya. Zotsatira zake n’zakuti masukulu ndi nyumba zomaofesi zomwe sizikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Izi sizimangowonjezera kufala kwa matenda, kuphatikiza miliri yodziwika ngati norovirus kapena chimfine wamba, komanso imasokoneza kwambiri chidziwitso.
Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa chaka chatha chabe adapeza kuti kuwonetsetsa kuti ngakhale mpweya wocheperako wa mpweya wakunja umachepetsa kufala kwa chimfine monga momwe 50 peresenti mpaka 60 peresenti ya anthu okhala mnyumba amatemera katemera.
Nyumba nthawi zambiri zimayendetsa mpweya wina, zomwe zasonyezedwa kuti zimabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda panthawi ya miliri, monga momwe mpweya woipitsidwa m'dera lina umafalikira kumadera ena a nyumbayo (monga momwe amachitira kusukulu ndi chikuku). Kukazizira kwambiri kapena kukutentha kwambiri, mpweya wotuluka panja pasukulu kapena muofesi ukhoza kubwerezedwanso. Ndiwo njira ya tsoka.
Ngati mpweya uyenera kuzunguliridwanso, mutha kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa powonjezera kusefera. Nyumba zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zosefera zotsika kwambiri zomwe zimatha kutenga ma virus osakwana 20 peresenti. Zipatala zambiri, komabe, zimagwiritsa ntchito zosefera zomwe zimadziwika kuti a MERV mlingo wa 13 kapena kupitilira apo. Ndipo pazifukwa zomveka - amatha kutenga 80 peresenti ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kwa nyumba zopanda makina opangira mpweya wabwino, kapena ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera dongosolo la nyumba yanu m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, zoyeretsa zonyamula mpweya zimathanso kukhala zogwira mtima pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa tinthu tandege. Oyeretsa mpweya wabwino kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zosefera za HEPA, zomwe zimagwira 99.97 peresenti ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Njira izi zimathandizidwa ndi umboni wotsimikizira. M'ntchito yaposachedwa ya gulu langa, yomwe yangoperekedwa kuti iwunikenso anzawo, tapeza kuti chikuku, matenda omwe amafala kwambiri ndi kufalikira kwapamlengalenga, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chachikulu kungapezeke mwa kuonjezera mpweya wabwino komanso kupititsa patsogolo kusefa. (Chikuku chimabwera ndi china chake chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri chomwe sitinakhale nacho pa coronavirus iyi - katemera.)
Palinso umboni wokwanira woti ma virus amapulumuka bwino pachinyezi chochepa - ndendende zomwe zimachitika nthawi yachisanu, kapena m'chilimwe m'malo okhala ndi mpweya. Makina ena otenthetsera ndi mpweya amakhala ndi zida zosungira chinyezi pamlingo woyenera wa 40 mpaka 60 peresenti, koma ambiri alibe. Zikatero, ma humidifiers onyamula amatha kuwonjezera chinyezi m'zipinda, makamaka m'nyumba.
Pomaliza, coronavirus imatha kufalikira kuchokera pamalo omwe ali ndi kachilombo - zinthu monga zogwirira zitseko ndi ma countertops, mabatani a elevator ndi mafoni am'manja. Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi malo okhudza kwambiri awa kungathandizenso. Kwa nyumba zanu komanso malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa, zotsukira zobiriwira ndizabwino. (Zipatala zimagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo olembetsedwa ndi EPA.) Kaya kunyumba, kusukulu kapena ku ofesi, ndi bwino kuyeretsa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi mwamphamvu kwambiri pamene pali odwala.
Kuchepetsa kukhudzika kwa mliriwu kudzafunika njira zonse. Pokhala ndi kusatsimikizika kwakukulu komwe kwatsala, tiyenera kutaya zonse zomwe tili nazo pa matenda opatsirana kwambiriwa. Izi zikutanthauza kumasula chida chachinsinsi mu zida zathu zankhondo - nyumba zathu.
Joseph Allen (@j_g_allen) ndi director of the Pulogalamu ya Healthy Buildings ku Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health komanso wolemba nawo "Nyumba Zathanzi: Momwe Malo Amkati Amayendetsera Ntchito ndi Kuchita Bwino." Ngakhale kuti Dr. Allen adalandira ndalama zothandizira kafukufuku kudzera m'makampani osiyanasiyana, maziko ndi magulu osapindula mumakampani omangamanga, palibe amene adatenga nawo mbali m'nkhaniyi.
