Abstraction
Tijaabooyin ayaa lagu sameeyay caabbinta iyo waxtarka miisaanka shaandhada, iyo xeerarka isbeddelka ee caabbinta boodhka ee caabbinta iyo waxtarka shaandhada ayaa la sahamiyay, isticmaalka tamarta filtarka ayaa loo xisaabiyay iyadoo loo eegayo habka xisaabinta waxtarka tamarta ee ay soo jeedisay Eurovent 4 /11.
Waxaa la ogaaday in kharashka korantada ee shaandhada, uu kordhiyo korodhka isticmaalka wakhtiga iyo iska caabinta.
Iyada oo ku saleysan falanqaynta qiimaha beddelka shaandhada, kharashka hawlgalka iyo kharashka dhammaystiran, hab lagu go'aamiyo marka shaandhada la beddelo ayaa la soo jeediyay.
Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in nolosha adeegga dhabta ah ee shaandhada ay ka sarreyso tan ku qeexan GB/T 14295-2008.
Waqtiga beddelka shaandhada ee dhismaha guud ee madaniga ah waa in lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo qiimaha beddelka ee mugga hawada iyo kharashka isticmaalka tamarta.
QoraaMachadka Sayniska ee Shanghai (Group) Co., LtdZhang Chongyang, Li Jingguang
Hordhacyo
Saamaynta tayada hawadu ku leedahay caafimaadka aadamaha ayaa noqotay mid ka mid ah arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee ay bulshadu khusayso.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, wasakhowga hawada dibadda ee uu matalo PM2.5 waa mid aad halis u ah Shiinaha. Sidaa darteed, warshadaha sifaynta hawada ayaa si degdeg ah u horumaraya, qalabka nadiifinta hawada cusub iyo nadiifiyaha hawada ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalay.
Sannadkii 2017, ilaa 860,000 hawo nadiif ah iyo 7 milyan oo nadiifiye ah ayaa lagu iibiyay Shiinaha. Marka la eego wacyiga wanaagsan ee PM2.5, heerka isticmaalka qalabka sifaynta ayaa sii kordhin doona, dhawaana waxay noqon doontaa qalab lagama maarmaan u ah nolol maalmeedka. Caannimada qalabka noocan oo kale ah ayaa si toos ah u saameeya qiimaha iibka iyo kharashka socodka, sidaas darteed waa muhiim in la barto dhaqaalaheeda.
Qodobbada ugu muhiimsan ee shaandhada waxaa ka mid ah hoos u dhaca cadaadiska, qadarka walxaha la ururiyey, waxtarka ururinta iyo wakhtiga socodsiinta. Saddex hab ayaa la qaadan karaa si loo xukumo shaandhada beddelka hawada nadiifiyaha ah. Midka ugu horreeya waa in la cabbiro isbeddelka caabbinta ka hor iyo ka dib shaandhada iyadoo loo eegayo aaladda dareenka cadaadiska; Midda labaad waa in la cabbiro cufnaanta walxaha qayb ka ah meesha laga baxo iyadoo loo eegayo aaladda dareenka qaybeed. Midka ugu dambeeya waa wakhtiga orodka, taas oo ah, qiyaasta wakhtiga socodka qalabka.
Aragtida dhaqameed ee beddelka shaandhada waa in la isku dheellitiro qiimaha iibka iyo kharashka socodsiinta ee ku salaysan waxtarka. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, kororka isticmaalka tamarta waxaa sababa kororka caabbinta iyo qiimaha iibka.
sida ka muuqata sawirka 1aad
Jaantuska 1 qalooca caabbinta filtarka iyo qiimaha
Ujeedada warqadani waa in la sahamiyo inta jeer ee beddelka shaandhada iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay naqshadaynta qalabka iyo nidaamka noocan oo kale ah iyada oo la falanqeynayo dheelitirka u dhexeeya kharashka tamarta hawlgalka ee ay keento kororka caabbinta filtarka iyo kharashka iibka ee ay soo saarto beddelka joogtada ah filter, oo hoos yimaada xaaladda hawlgalka ee mugga hawada yar.
1. Sifeynta Waxtarka iyo Imtixaanada iska caabinta
1.1 Xarunta Imtixaanka
Goobta tijaabada shaandhaynta waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay qaybaha soo socda: nidaamka marinka hawada, aaladda siigada samaysa, qalabka wax lagu cabbiro, iwm, sida ku cad sawirka 2.
Jaantuska 2. Xarunta Imtixaanka
Qaadashada marawaxada beddelka soo noqnoqda ee nidaamka marinka hawada ee shaybaadhka si loo hagaajiyo mugga hawada hawlgalka ee shaandhada, si loo tijaabiyo waxqabadka shaandhada hoostiisa mugga hawada ee kala duwan.
1.2 Tusaalaha Imtixaanka
Si kor loogu qaado ku celcelinta tijaabada, 3 filtarrada hawo ee uu soo saaray isla saaraha ayaa la doortay. Sida shaandhada nooca H11, H12 iyo H13 si weyn loogu isticmaalo suuqa, shaandhada heerka H11 ayaa tijaabadan loo adeegsaday, cabirkeeduna yahay 560mm × 560mm × 60mm, nooca v-nooca fiber kiimikaad isku laablaaban oo cufan, sida ku cad sawirka 3.
Jaantuska 2. Tijaabinta Tusaale
1.3 Shuruudaha Imtixaanka
Iyadoo la raacayo xeerarka khuseeya GB/T 14295-2008 "Hawo-shaandhaynta", marka lagu daro shuruudaha tijaabada ee looga baahan yahay heerarka imtixaanka, shuruudaha soo socda waa in lagu daraa:
1) Inta lagu jiro baaritaanka, heerkulka iyo qoyaanka hawada nadiifka ah ee loo soo diro nidaamka tubbada waa inay la mid noqdaan;
2) Isha boodhka ee loo isticmaalo tijaabinta dhammaan shaybaarada waa inay ahaato sidisii.
3) Ka hor inta aan la tijaabin muunad kasta, qaybaha boodhka ee lagu kaydiyo nidaamka tubbada waa in lagu nadiifiyaa burush;
4) Duubista saacadaha shaqada ee shaandhada inta lagu jiro tijaabada, oo ay ku jiraan wakhtiga sii daynta iyo joojinta boodhka;
2. Natiijada Imtixaanka iyo Falanqaynta
2.1 Beddelka Caabinta Bilowga ah ee Mugga Hawada
Tijaabada iska caabinta bilawga ah waxaa lagu sameeyay mugga hawada 80,140,220,300,380,460,540,600,711,948 m3 / h.
Isbeddelka caabbinta bilowga ah ee mugga hawada ayaa lagu muujiyay FIG. 4.
Jaantuska 4. Isbeddelka caabbinta bilowga ah ee shaandhada hoosteeda mugga hawada ee kala duwan
2.2 Beddelka Waxtarka Miisaanka iyadoo la raacayo qaddarka boodhka la ururiyey.
Tuducani wuxuu inta badan daraaseeyaa hufnaanta sifaynta ee PM2.5 marka loo eego heerarka tijaabada soosaarayaasha shaandhada, mugga hawada shaandhada lagu qiimeeyay waa 508m3/h. Qiimaha waxtarka miisaanka ee la qiyaasay ee saddexda filtarrada ee hoos yimaada qaddarka boodhka kala duwan ayaa lagu muujiyay shaxda 1
Shaxda 1aad Isbeddelka xadhigga iyo xadiga boodhka la dhigay
tusmada waxtarka miisaanka ee la qiyaasay (xarigga) ee saddex filtarrada hoos yimaada qaddarka boodhka kala duwan ayaa lagu muujiyay shaxda 1
2.3 Xidhiidhka Ka Dhaxeeya Iska-caabbinta iyo Siigo-ururinta
Shaandheyn kasta waxaa loo isticmaalay 9 jeer oo sii daayo. 7-dii jeer ee ugu horeysay ee sii daynta hal boodhka ah waxaa la xakameeyey qiyaastii 15.0g, iyo 2da jeer ee ugu dambeeya ee sii daynta hal boodhka ah waxaa la xakameeyey qiyaastii 30.0g.
Kala duwanaanshaha boodhka xajinta iska caabbinta waxay isbeddeshaa qadarka uruurinta boodhka ee saddex filtarrada hoos yimaada qulqulka hawada ee la qiimeeyay, ayaa lagu muujiyay FIG.5
sawirka.5
3. Falanqaynta Dhaqaalaha ee Isticmaalka Shaandheynta
3.1 Nolosha Adeegga Lagu qiimeeyay
GB/T 14295-2008 "Air Filter" wuxuu qeexayaa in marka shaandheyntu ay ku shaqeyso awoodda hawada ee la qiimeeyay iyo caabbinta ugu dambeysa ay gaarto 2 jeer ee caabbinta bilawga ah, filtarka ayaa loo arkaa inuu gaadhay nolosheeda adeegga, shaandhada waa in la beddelaa. Ka dib markii la xisaabiyay nolosha adeegga filtarrada hoos yimaada xaaladaha shaqada ee tijaabadan, natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in nolosha adeegga saddexdan filtar lagu qiyaasay 1674, 1650 iyo 1518h siday u kala horreeyaan, kuwaas oo kala ahaa 3.4, 3.3 iyo 1 bil.
3.2 Falanqaynta Isticmaalka Budada
Tijaabada ku celiska ah ee kor ku xusan waxay muujinaysaa in waxqabadka saddexda filtarrada uu yahay mid joogto ah, markaa shaandhada 1 waxaa loo qaataa tusaale ahaan falanqaynta isticmaalka tamarta.
FIG 6 Xiriirka ka dhexeeya kharashka korontada iyo maalmaha isticmaalka ee shaandhada (mugga hawada 508m3/h)
Sida qiimaha beddelka ee mugga hawada uu si weyn isu beddelo, wadarta shaandhada beddelka iyo isticmaalka awoodda ayaa sidoo kale si weyn isu beddesha, sababtoo ah hawlgalka filtarka, sida ku cad FIG. 7. Jaantuska, qiimaha dhamaystiran = kharashka korontada shaqaynta + kharashka beddelka mugga hawada.
FIG 7
Gabagabadii
1) Nolosha adeegga dhabta ah ee filtarrada leh mugga hawada yar ee dhismayaasha madaniga ah ayaa aad uga sarreeya nolosha adeegga ee ku qeexan GB/T 14295-2008 "Air Filter" oo ay ku taliyaan shirkadaha hadda jira. Nolosha adeegga dhabta ah ee shaandhada waxaa loo tixgelin karaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo sharciga isbeddelka isticmaalka awoodda shaandhada iyo kharashka beddelka.
2) Habka qiimeynta beddelka shaandhada iyadoo lagu saleynayo tixgelinta dhaqaalaha ayaa la soo jeediyay, taas oo ah, qiimaha beddelka sida halbeegga hawada ee cutubka iyo isticmaalka awoodda hawlgalka waa in si buuxda loo tixgeliyo si loo go'aamiyo wakhtiga beddelka shaandhada.
(Qoraalka oo dhamaystiran waxa lagu siidaayay HVAC, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 102-106, 2020)
