Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele, ukuhlunga kanye nomswakama kunciphisa ukusabalala kwamagciwane afana ne-coronavirus entsha.
Ibhalwe nguJoseph G. Allen
UDkt. Allen ungumqondisi wohlelo lwe-Healthy Buildings e-Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health.
[Le ndatshana iyingxenye yokusatshalaliswa kwe-coronavirus, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi isiphelelwe yisikhathi. ]
Ngo-1974, intombazanyana enesimungumungwane yafunda esikoleni enyakatho yeNew York. Nakuba amaphesenti angu-97 afunda nabo ayegonyiwe, abangu-28 bagcina sebenalesi sifo. Abafundi abangenwe yileli gciwane basabalaliswa emagumbini okufundela ayi-14, kodwa intombazanyana, isiguli esinenkomba, yachitha isikhathi ekilasini layo kuphela. Umlandu? Isistimu yokukhipha umoya esebenza ngendlela ejikelezayo futhi emunca izinhlayiya zegciwane ekilasini lakhe futhi yasakaza esikoleni.
Izakhiwo, njenge lesi sibonelo somlando agqamile, asebenza kahle kakhulu ekusakazeni izifo.
Emuva kuze kube manje, ubufakazi obuphakeme kakhulu bamandla ezakhiwo okusabalalisa i-coronavirus buvela emkhunjini wokuhamba ngomkhumbi - okuyisakhiwo esintantayo. Kubagibeli abangaba ngu-3,000 noma ngaphezulu kanye namalungu ezisebenzi ezigibele i-Diamond Princess ehlaliswe yodwa, okungenani 700 Kuyaziwa ukuthi bathole i-coronavirus entsha, izinga lokutheleleka eliphakeme kakhulu kunalelo laseWuhan, eChina, lapho lesi sifo saqala ukutholakala khona.
Kusho ukuthini lokho kithina esingekho emikhunjini yabavakashi kodwa sigxile ezikoleni, emahhovisi noma ezakhiweni ezihlala abantu? Abanye bangase bazibuze ukuthi kufanele yini babalekele emaphandleni, njengoba abantu benzile esikhathini esidlule ngezikhathi zezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Kepha kuvele ukuthi yize izimo zasemadolobheni eziminyene zingasiza ekusabalaleni kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izakhiwo zingasebenza njengezithiyo ekungcoleni. Kuyisu lokulawula elingakutholi ukunakwa okufanele.
Isizathu ukuthi kusenenkulumompikiswano mayelana nokuthi i-coronavirus entsha ebangela i-Covid-19 isakazeka kanjani. Lokhu kuholele endleleni encane kakhulu ethathwe yi-federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention kanye neWorld Health Organization. Lokho kuyiphutha.
Imihlahlandlela yamanje asekelwe ebufakazini bokuthi leli gciwane lisakazwa ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi okuphefumula - amaconsi amakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi abonakalayo akhishwa lapho othile ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Ngakho-ke izincomo zokumboza ukukhwehlela nokuthimula kwakho, geza izandla zakho, uhlanze izindawo ezingaphezulu futhi ugcine ukuqhelelana komphakathi.
Kodwa lapho abantu bekhwehlela noma bethimula, abakhiphi amaconsi amakhulu kuphela kodwa nezinhlayiya ezincane ezisemoyeni ezibizwa ngokuthi i-droplet nuclei, ezingahlala phezulu futhi zihanjiswe eduze nezakhiwo.
Uphenyo lwangaphambilini lwama-coronavirus amabili akamuva luveze ukuthi ukuhanjiswa komoya kwenzeka. Lokhu kusekelwa ubufakazi bokuthi indawo yokutheleleka kwenye yalawo ma-coronavirus kwakuyindawo umgudu wokuphefumula ophansi, okungabangelwa kuphela izinhlayiya ezincane ezingadonswa ngokujulile.
Lokhu kusibuyisela ezakhiweni. Uma zingalawulwa kahle, zingasabalalisa izifo. Kodwa uma sikwenza kahle, singafaka izikole zethu, amahhovisi kanye nemizi yethu kule mpi.
Nakhu okufanele ngabe siyakwenza. Okokuqala, ukuletha umoya ongaphandle omningi emabhilidini anezinhlelo zokufudumeza nezokuphuma komoya (noma ukuvula amafasitela ezakhiweni ezingenawo) kusiza ekunciphiseni ukungcola okuphuma emoyeni, okwenza ukutheleleka kungabi bikho. Sekuyiminyaka senza okuphambene: sivala amafasitela ethu futhi sizungeza umoya. Umphumela uba izikole nezakhiwo zamahhovisi ezihlala zingenawo umoya. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunikeza amandla ekudluliselweni kwezifo, okuhlanganisa izishayo ezivamile njenge-norovirus noma umkhuhlane ovamile, kodwa futhi kulimaza kakhulu ukusebenza kwengqondo.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngonyaka odlule nje ithole ukuthi ukuqinisekisa ngisho namazinga amancane okungena komoya wangaphandle kunciphisa ukudluliswa komkhuhlane njengoba nje kugonywe amaphesenti angama-50 kuye kwangama-60 abantu esakhiweni.
Izakhiwo zivame ukujikelezisa umoya othile, okukhonjiswe ukuthi kuholela engcupheni ephezulu yokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokuqubuka, njengoba umoya ongcolile endaweni eyodwa usakazwa kwezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo (njengoba wenzile esikoleni ngesimungumungwane). Uma kubanda kakhulu noma kushisa kakhulu, umoya ophuma esikhaleni ekilasini lesikole noma ehhovisi ungase ujikelezwe kabusha ngokuphelele. Leyo iresiphi yenhlekelele.
Uma umoya kufanele ujikelezwe kabusha, unganciphisa ukungcoliswa okuphambene ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokuhlunga. Izakhiwo eziningi zisebenzisa izihlungi ezisezingeni eliphansi ezingase zibambe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-20 ezinhlayiya zegciwane. Izibhedlela eziningi, nokho, zisebenzisa isisefo esikwaziwa ngokuthi a I-MERV isilinganiso se-13 noma ngaphezulu. Futhi ngesizathu esihle - bangabamba ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-80 ezinhlayiya zegciwane ezitholakala emoyeni.
Okwezakhiwo ezingenayo amasistimu wokungenisa umoya wemishini, noma uma ufuna ukunezela ohlelweni lwebhilidi lakho ezindaweni ezinengcuphe enkulu, izihlanzi zomoya eziphathwayo zingaphinda zisebenze ekulawuleni ukugxiliswa kwezinhlayiyana ezihamba emoyeni. Izihlanzi zomoya eziphathwayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisebenzisa izihlungi ze-HEPA, ezithwebula amaphesenti angama-99.97 ezinhlayiya.
Lezi zindlela zisekelwa ubufakazi obunamandla. Emsebenzini wakamuva wethimba lami, osanda kuthunyelwa ukuze kubuyekezwe ontanga, sithole ukuthi imvukuzane, isifo esigcwele ukusulelana ngomoya, ukunciphisa ingozi enkulu kungafinyelelwa ngokwandisa izinga lokungena komoya kanye nokuthuthukisa amazinga okuhlunga. (Isimungumungwana siza nokuthile okusebenza kangcono kakhulu esingakabi nakho kule coronavirus - umgomo.)
Kukhona nobufakazi obanele bokuthi amagciwane aphila kangcono kunomswakama ophansi - khona kanye okwenzeka ebusika, noma ehlobo ezindaweni ezine-air-conditioning. Ezinye izinhlelo zokushisisa nezokungenisa komoya zihlonyiselwe ukugcina umswakama osebangeni elifanele lamaphesenti angu-40 ukuya kumaphesenti angu-60, kodwa iningi alinjalo. Uma kunjalo, ama-humidifiers aphathekayo angakhuphula umswakama emakamelweni, ikakhulukazi ekhaya.
Okokugcina, i-coronavirus ingase isabalale isuka ezindaweni ezingcolile - izinto ezinjengezibambo zeminyango nama-countertops, izinkinobho zekheshi namaselula. Ukuhlanza njalo lezi zindawo ezithinta kakhulu nakho kungasiza. Ngekhaya lakho kanye nezindawo ezinobungozi obuncane, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza eluhlaza ilungile. (Izibhedlela zisebenzisa izibulala-magciwane ezibhaliswe nge-EPA.) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekhaya, esikoleni noma ehhovisi, kungcono kakhulu ukuhlanza kaningi futhi kuqine nakakhulu lapho abantu abanaleli gciwane bekhona.
Ukukhawulela umthelela walolu bhubhane kuzodinga indlela ehlanganisa konke. Ngokungaqiniseki okubalulekile okusele, kufanele ngabe siphonsa konke esinakho kulesi sifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukudedela isikhali esiyimfihlo endaweni yethu yezikhali - izakhiwo zethu.
UJoseph Allen (@j_g_allen) ungumqondisi we Uhlelo lweZakhiwo Ezinempilo e-Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health kanye nomlobi ohlangene we "Izakhiwo Ezinempilo: I-Indoor Spaces Iqhuba Kanjani Ukusebenza Nokukhiqiza." Nakuba uDkt. Allen ethole uxhaso lwezimali lokucwaninga ngezinkampani ezihlukahlukene, izisekelo namaqembu angenzi-nzuzo embonini yezokwakha, akekho obebambe iqhaza kulesi sihloko.
